Silhouette model



April 1944- D. K. HOWARD ETA L 2,347,551

SILHOUETTE MODEL .Filed July 2. 1942 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 I HKM/ gnmnmnn 1Z5 3 WW;

INVENTOR. flaw/ma l'fl HOWARD,

i i ATTORNEYS.

Patented Apr. 25, 1944 r FFlQ I SILHOUETTE MODEL Donald K. Howard, Cincinnati, George W. Benchenstein, Jr" Deer Park, and Barry L. Porter, Cincinnati, Ohio, assignors to Burton-Rodgers, Inc., a corporation of Qhio Application July 2 1942, Serial No. 449,442

15 Claims.

It is the object of our invention to produce a cut-out pattern in a flat sheet and an aeroplane model to be constructed therefrom which gives a correct silhouette of the plane from front, side, rear elevation and plan View. ,Such models can be furnished at a relatively low cost and when put together according to instructions will serve as study models whereby various styles and malces of aeroplanes can be recognized. The eye quickly fills in the solid outlines from such silhouettes from a knowledge of aeroplane desig in general.

Among other objects is the production of cutoutdesigns from which the correct silhouette models can be made without any pasting or gluing from die out paper board blanks, and treating the paper board thereafter. The die cutting is thus done through relatively soft board and the treatment may be such as both to harden the board and also give it a Waxy surface that facilitates the tight assembly of the parts. The color that is best for use as a silhouette may be applied before the treatment or as a part thereof. Also it is an-object to so design the pieces that when out out from a fiat'pattern, they will serve when thrust together to look into each other suficiently to make the models when completed sturdy enough to be handled, and dropped, without coming to pieces.

The style in general of forming up the pattern partawill necessarily vary with each model, for one reason because it is necessary in order to give a correct silhouette to place a fiat piece at every point where the silhouette outlines indicate that the maximum projection of that part should come. Otherwise, while the silhouette might be correct from one point of view, it would notbe correct from another.

In the specificationthat follows and in the drawings, we have shown but one cut-out pattern and model, and in the claims that follow we have pointed out and claimed the novel features incident to the making of such models without particular reference to the one that is shown, because it is illustrative of the invention and not to be taken as an inflexible guide in the production of models which vary, there being certain general features whichif followed, will serve to guide thoseskilled in the art to produce various styles when following the general features of the model illustrated.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a plan view of the cut-out piece of paper board.

Fig. 2 is a top plan view of -the assembled model.

Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the assembled model.

Fig. 4 is a front elevation of the assembled model.

Fig. 5 is a rear elevation of the assembled model.

Fig. 6 is a detail plan view showing a modified arrangement employed for interlocking wing panel and wing support at the lengthwise axis of the plane model.

Fig. 7 is a section on line 1-4 of Fig. 6.

The cut-out pattern sheet is noted at i. Within it are a series of shaped pieces which are sufliciently severed by means of die cuts into the sheet of board that they can readily be pushed out of the sheet, ready for assembly. Preferably the cutting die passes entirely through the paper board sheet and the panels stay in place frictionally.

The board used is relatively soft to facilitate die cutting and thereafter the sheet is treated with some suitable composition of waxy material such as paraffin to give it aslight malleability, together with a resin which will harden the board and increase its strength. This treatment may also blacken the board without imparting a shine to it, or the board may be made black in the first place, to facilitate the use thereof as a silhouette. For some purposes the board may be colored or printed.

The wing support member is indicated at 2, on the cut-out pattern. It has two T shaped notches therein, indicated at 2a, and also two slightl rounded projections 2b, 2b and a median large projection 2c. The projections 2b are to indicate the shape in front elevation and rear elevation of the back of the engine nacelles. The central projection 20 constitutes the outline in front and rear elevation of the largest diameter of the fuselage. This indication of fuselage elevation in other models might not be in line with the wing support element and a separate piece is often necessary for indicating the largest fuselage d.mension in its proper place lengthwise of l the completed model.

In the case wing support 2 is used for inter- I eral pieces. It has a slot la crosswise thereof at the point of its largest dimension, another-slot 3b opens at one side of the piece. -The piece 3 also has a front lengthwise slot 30, and a rear slot 3d, with staggered tongues 3e near its rear terminus.

The vertical motor nacelle pieces are shown at I, I, and are alike. They have long slots la therein for sliding over the wing member, and vertical slots 4b therein for sliding down over the wing support member, and they have also front end slots in.the form of a cross, as indicated at to.

As so far described the first step in construction is to slide the wing support 2 sidewise into the piece 3, (the horizontal fuselage member) using the side slot 3b therein. Next the nacelle members 4 are inserted over the wing supports so that slots lb are thrust down as far as they will go in the vertical portion of slots 2a. This brings the nacelles to the correct position for the silhouette.

The next pieceto be considered is the wing member 5, which is in one piece, with short front and back slots 5a and 5b along the center line, front edge slots 50 where the engine nacelles are located, and lengthwise slots near the tips of each wing element as at 5d. The next assembly operation is to bend the wing member at the score lines 5! slightly so that it will fit onto the wing support, and thrust the same where slots 50 are located, into the slots 4a of the motor nacelle pieces, and then force the tongues 2! at the ends of the wing supports into the slots 5d. This operation ties down the wings by the nacelle parts, and ties the nacelle parts to the wing supports, thus locking up the structure. The wing member has a lengthwise short slot Be at the center thereof approximately in line with the end slots.

Since the rounded portion 2c of the wing support represents only part of the full circle of the rounded fuselage, it is required to provide a round topped piece 6, having a'T head 60., and a slotted body 6b, which is thrust down through the central wing slot 5e. The slotted body 6b lines up with the vertical portion of the cross in the wing support projection 20.

The vertical elements of the fuselage are next In this case they are in two parts.

put into place. The front part consists of a piece I shaped to the vertical dimensions of the fuselage at the front. It has a long slot la, which is lined up with the short front slot 30 of the horizontal fuselage piece 3. Projecting from the slot la is a tongue lb which when the piece I is thrust over the piece3,

by intermeshing the slotted portions la and 3c and pushing inwardly, will enter the vertical portion of the slot 2d. The piece 1 has also a short slot 'lc which is meshed with the slot 5a in the wing member thereby interlocking the wing member by means of the piece 1 with the horizontal member. The tongue lb also engages in the enclosed slot of the piece 6, thus locking it down.

To complete the front of the fuselage silhouette in the particular model, it is required to provide a set back cabin top which isin the form of a piece 8, having a slot 8a therein which is meshed with the upper short lengthwise slot Id In the fuselage piece I, and has tongues 8b to enter slots 2e in the wing support, thus providing three-dimensional engagement.

The rear Portion of the vertical portion of the fuselage is a piece 9. 'This piece has a tail portion 9a, beneath which is an end opening slot 9b, with a short vertical branch slot 9c where the rear til arrangement locks up the front end of the vertical structure. Piece 9 also has a slot 971. which meshes with the slot 5b in the wing producing a side elevation of a projection above the wing level back of the rounded top of member 6.

When the vertical piece 9 is thrust forward into place the tongues 3e, near the rear end of the long slot 3d, engage or are thrust into the slanting slot 91'.

The tail plane consists of a piece l0, and a plane support H. The plane support II is thrust endwise into the slot 90, the tail plane piece I0 is then bent, slipped into the slot 8b, and the long stub tongues lla of the support thrust into the lengthwise slots Ilia in the piece It, in the same way as the main wing tips were thrust over the stub tongues of the main wing supports. The tail plane has a slot Iflb meshing with slot 9b in piece 9.

This leaves the finishing of the engine nacelles. They are formed primarily of pieces I; for the horizontal nacelle pieces, which have long slots in therein for meshing with the lengthwise portions of the slots 4c. The tongues l2b on the pieces l2, when same are thrust over the pieces 4 will engage in the slots 2a, thus interlocking the rear ends of the pieces l2. The front ends of the pieces I2 have projecting tongues l2c for silhouette purposes. They also have two opposing short slots l2d for the engine silhouette pieces l3 and It. The slots lZd come into the same plane as vertical portions of the cross slots 4c. The two pieces l3 and [4 are half round and each has a tongue l3a and Na in opposed relationship, and median slots l3b and Nb. When the slots l3b and Nb are meshed with the slots (1, and the pieces l3 and I4 thrust home, the tongues I311 the other ,pieces serving as keys in this respect.

In making up the silhouette, there must be two pieces in relative arrangement to give the proper front and side elevational dimensions, two pieces at right angles, one fitting into another by means of slots in the two pieces: Wherever the silhouette of a part intersects a third piece, then the inserted slotted member is arranged so that it has tongues which enter this third member. Thi gives a locking together in three planes, (a)

the slotted pieces are locked in lengthwise rela tion, (b) the inserted piece is locked by the solid portion thereof in a parallel plane at right angles to the slot in the starting piece, and (c) the two pieces are locked in a plane at right angles to the other two planes by engagement of the inrudder support piece will be placed. The piece 9 serted piece in a cross piece which intersects the silhouette.

In maldng the wings, thickness is given by pieces located edgewise which pieces have verclaim as new and desire Patent is: i

l. A cut-out sheet comprising a flat paper board having die cut panels substantially oompletely severed therefrom, said panels having slots for intermeshing purposes and of an outline to make up a, three dimensional figure when removed and intermeshed with each other, the lines of severance thereof. having been formed in said board prior to impregnating and the board then impregnated with a hardening substance.

2. A cut-out sheet comprising a flat paper board having die cut panels substantially completely severed therefrom, said panels having slots for intermeshing purposes and of an outline to make up a three dimensional figure when removed and intermeshed with each other, the lines of severance thereof having been formed in said board prior to impregnating and the board then impregnated with a hardening substance and a waxy substance. 7

3. A cut-out sheet comprising a fiat paper board having die cut panels substantially completely severed therefrom, said panels having slots for intermeshing purposes and of an outline to make up a three dimensional figure when removed and intermeshedwith each other, the lines of severance thereof having been formed in said board prior to impregnating and the board then impregnated with a hardening substance in the form of a resin and a wax.

4. A cut-out sheet comprising a flat paper board having die cut panels substantially completely severed therefrom, said panels having slots for intermeshing purposes and of an outline to make up a three dimensional figure when removed and intermeshed with each other, the lines of severance thereof having been formed in said board prior to impregnating and the board then impregnated with a hardening substance in the form of a resin and paraflin wax.

5. That method of making up a die-cut paper board sheet in which panels are substantially completely severed therefrom, said panels configured to make up a three dimensional figure when removed and slotted for assembly purposes, which consists in die-cutting the panels in a relatively soft paper board, and then saturating the board with a resinous material which imparts hardness and stiffness to the board.

6. That method of making up -a die-cut paper board sheet in which panels are substantially completely severed therefrom, said panels configured to make up a three dimensional figure when removed and slotted for assembly purposes, which consists in die-cutting the panels in a relatively soft paper board, and then saturating the board with a resinous material which imparts hardness and stiffness to the board, said resinous material having a wax incorporated therein.

7. A series of shaped fiat panels for forming I an aeroplane silhouette, comprising panels for wings and wing supports, the wing supports arranged to define the dihedral angle of the wings, and against which the wings rest substantially throughout, said wing supports completing in silhouette the front elevation of the aeroplane wings, and said wing supports having shallow elongated tongues near their ends, the wings having slots in which said tongues engage the tongues having each a length substantially equal to or less than the thickness of the wing whereby to secure by Lettersthey do not project substantially above the upper wing surface.

8. A series of shaped flat panels for forming an aeroplane silhouette, comprising panels for wings and wing supports, the wing supports arranged to define the dihedral angle of the wings, i

and against which the wings rest substantially throughout, said wing supports completing in silhouette the front elevation of the aeroplane wings, and said wing supports having shallow elongated tongues near their ends, the wings having slots in which said tongues engage the tongues having each a length substantially equal to or less than the thickness of the wing whereby they do not project substantially above the upper wing surface, said panels also including panels shaped as the plan and side elevational views of the aeroplane f s e respectively which panels are slotted to intermesh with each other, and the wing supports arranged to pass through slots in the side elevational panel portions of the fuselage panels.

9. A series of shaped fiat panels for forming an aeroplane silhouette, comprising panels for wings and wing supports,.the wing supports arranged to define the dihedral angle of the wings, and against which the wings rest, said wing sup- Ports completing in silhouette the front elevation of the aeroplane wings, and said wing supports having shallow elongated tongues near their ends, the .wings having slots in which said tongues engage the tongues having each a length substantially equal to or less than the thickness of the wing whereby they do not project substantially above the upper wing surface, said panels also including panels shaped as the plan and side elevational views of the aeroplane fuselage respectively which panels are slotted to intermesh with each other, and the wing supports arranged to pass through slots in the side elevational panel portions of the fuselage panels, and engine nacelle panels slotted to intermesh each other normal to each other to provide side and plan views of said nacelle, the vertical or side view panels slotted to intermesh with slotted portions at the front edge of a wing panel, and the horizontal or plan panel of the nacelle having tongues to engage in slots ina wing support.

10. A series of shaped flat panels for forming an aeroplane silhouette comprising wing panels and wing support panels arranged for interlocking with each other, and panels for an engine nacelle, the latter consisting of two panels mutually slotted for intermeshing with each other in normal relation, the horizontal engine nacelle panel having tongues to enter slots in the wing support.

11. A series of shaped flat panels for forming an aeroplane silhouette comprising wing panels and wing support panels arranged for interlocking with each other, and panels for an engine nacelle, the latter consisting of two panels mutually slotted for intermeshing with each other in normal-relation, the horizontal engine nacelle panel having tongues to enter slots in the wing support, and the vertical nacelle panel slotted to engage with a wing panel.

12. A series of shaped flat panels for forming an aeroplane silhouette, comprising panels for side and plan elevation of the fuselage, mutually slotted for intermeshing, one of the slots in the respective panels having on its opposed walls tongues in staggered relationship and the other of the panels having a slot arranged to receive said tongues.

13. A series of shaped flat panels for forming an aeroplane fuselage comprising a wing panel, having a portion bent with relation to another portion, a horizontal fuselage panel, a vertical fuselage panel, and a front elevational pane1projecting normally to both of the fuselage panels,

the wing panel passing through the-vertical fuse-,

lage panel, and locking panels slotted to engage in slots formed in the front elevational panel at substantially the level of the top face of the wing panel where it intersects the fuselage panel, said ing a projection slotted to intermesh with the vertical fuselage panel, and in outline forming the third dimensional view of the fuselage, the wing panel being slotted for passage therethrough of the said projection.

15. A series of shaped flat panels adapted when intermeshed with each other to form a three dimensional silhouette of an aeroplane, some of said panels having mutua1 slots for intermeshing to form two normal elevational planes, and some of said panels arranged to form intersecting planes in the third dimension, the latter panels some of them having tongue and slot connections with one of the first two planar pieces, and mutual slotted relation to the other of said two planar pieces.

DONALD K. HOWARD. GEORGE W. BENCKENSTEIN, JR. HARRY L. PORTER. 

